os: bug fixes after re-review of rwlock code

os: implement ReadWriteLock

ams: centralize system thread definitions

hos: change initialization API ...

This was needed to make stratosphere buildable with debugging on.

os:: assertions rely on GetCurrentThread() working, and this requires
the global os resource manager to be constructed. However, __appInit executes
before global constructors. We now require that hos::InitializeForStratosphere()
be called before anything else is done. This initializes the os resource manager,
sets the hos version for libnx, and may do more things in the future.

TODO: Consider replacing __appInit/__appExit with ams:: namespace functions in general,
and wrap them so that we guarantee hos::InitializeForStratosphere is called first, and
generally ensure a consistent stratosphere environment.

ldr: update 10.0.0 conditionals

loader: update for 10.0.0

loader: update anti-downgrade tables for 10.0.0

hos::Version: rename enum members

os: refactor/rewrite entire namespace.

stratosphere-ldr: fix code mount name

ams: finish stdio -> fs bindings for stratosphere

loader: refactor to use fs bindings

ldr: optimize memory usage for tracking system programs

Implement the NCM sysmodule (closes #91) ...

* Implement NCM

* Modernize ncm_main

* Remove unnecessary smExit

* Give access to svcCallSecureMonitor

* Stack size bump

* Fix incorrect setup for NandUser's content storage entry

* Fix a potential data abort when flushing the placeholder accessor cache

* Fix HasFile and HasDirectory

* Use r+b, not w+b

* Misc fixes

* errno begone

* Fixed more stdio error handling

* More main fixes

* Various command improvements

* Make dispatch tables great again

* Fix logic inversion

* Fixed content path generation

* Bump heap size, fix CleanupAllPlaceHolder

* Various fixes. Note: This contains debug stuff which will be removed later. I was getting tired of having to cherrypick tiny changes

* Fixed placeholder/content deletion

* Fixed incorrect content manager destruction

* Prevent automatic placeholder creation on open

* Fixed List implementation. Also lots of debug logging.

* Removed debug code

* Added a scope guard for WritePlaceHolder

* Manually prevent placeholder/content appending

* Revert "Removed debug code"

This reverts commit d6ff261.

* Always cache placeholder file. Switch to ftell for preventing appending

* Universally use EnsureEnabled

* Abstract away file writing logic

* Misc cleanup

* Refactor placeholder cacheing

* Remove debug code (again)

* Revert "Remove debug code (again)"

This reverts commit 168447d.

* Misc changes

* Fixed file modes

* Fixed ContentId/PlaceHolderId alignment

* Improved type safety

* Fixed reinitialization

* Fixed doubleup on path creation

* Remove debug code

* Fixed 1.0.0 booting

* Correct amount of add on content

* Correct main thread stack size

* lr: Introducing registered data

* Reorder stratosphere Makefile

* Move results to libstrat

* lr: Cleanup lr_redirection

* lr: lr_manager tweaks

* lr: Imrpoved path handling and adjust ResolveAddOnContentPath order

* lr: Organise types

* Add eof newlines

* lr: Eliminate unnecessary vars

* lr: Unnecessary vars 2 electric boogaloo

* lr: Various helpers

* lr: RegisteredLocationResolver helpers

* ncm: Move ncm_types to libstrat

* ncm: Misc cleanup

* Implement NCM

* Modernize ncm_main

* Remove unnecessary smExit

* Give access to svcCallSecureMonitor

* Stack size bump

* Fix incorrect setup for NandUser's content storage entry

* Fix a potential data abort when flushing the placeholder accessor cache

* Fix HasFile and HasDirectory

* Use r+b, not w+b

* Misc fixes

* errno begone

* Fixed more stdio error handling

* More main fixes

* Various command improvements

* Make dispatch tables great again

* Fix logic inversion

* Fixed content path generation

* Bump heap size, fix CleanupAllPlaceHolder

* Various fixes. Note: This contains debug stuff which will be removed later. I was getting tired of having to cherrypick tiny changes

* Fixed placeholder/content deletion

* Fixed incorrect content manager destruction

* Prevent automatic placeholder creation on open

* Fixed List implementation. Also lots of debug logging.

* Removed debug code

* Added a scope guard for WritePlaceHolder

* Manually prevent placeholder/content appending

* Revert "Removed debug code"

This reverts commit d6ff261.

* Always cache placeholder file. Switch to ftell for preventing appending

* Universally use EnsureEnabled

* Abstract away file writing logic

* Misc cleanup

* Refactor placeholder cacheing

* Remove debug code (again)

* Revert "Remove debug code (again)"

This reverts commit 168447d.

* Misc changes

* Fixed file modes

* Fixed ContentId/PlaceHolderId alignment

* Improved type safety

* Fixed reinitialization

* Fixed doubleup on path creation

* Remove debug code

* Fixed 1.0.0 booting

* Correct amount of add on content

* Correct main thread stack size

* lr: Introducing registered data

* Reorder stratosphere Makefile

* Move results to libstrat

* lr: Cleanup lr_redirection

* lr: lr_manager tweaks

* lr: Imrpoved path handling and adjust ResolveAddOnContentPath order

* lr: Organise types

* Add eof newlines

* lr: Eliminate unnecessary vars

* lr: Unnecessary vars 2 electric boogaloo

* lr: Various helpers

* lr: RegisteredLocationResolver helpers

* ncm: Move ncm_types to libstrat

* ncm: Misc cleanup

* Updated AddOnContentLocationResolver and RegisteredLocationResolver to 9.0.0

* Finished updating lr to 9.0.0

* Updated NCM to 9.0.0

* Fix libstrat includes

* Fixed application launching

* title_id_2 -> owner_tid

* Updated to new-ipc

* Change to using pure virtuals

* Title Id -> Program Id

* Fixed compilation against master

* std::scoped_lock<> -> std::scoped_lock

* Adopted R_UNLESS and R_CONVERT

* Prefix namespace to Results

* Adopt std::numeric_limits

* Fixed incorrect error handling in ReadFile

* Adopted AMS_ABORT_UNLESS

* Adopt util::GenerateUuid()

* Syntax improvements

* ncm_types: Address review

* Address more review comments

* Updated copyrights

* Address more feedback

* More feedback addressed

* More changes

* Move dispatch tables out of interface files

* Addressed remaining comments

* lr: move into libstratosphere

* ncm: Fix logic inversion

* lr: Add comments

* lr: Remove whitespace

* ncm: Start addressing feedback

* ncm: Cleanup InitializeContentManager

* lr: support client-side usage

* lr_service -> lr_api

* ncm: Begin refactoring content manager

* ncm: More content manager improvements

* ncm: Content manager mount improvements

* ldr: use lr bindings

* lr bindings usage: minor fixes

* ncm/lr: Pointer placement

* ncm: placeholder accessor cleanup

* ncm: minor fixes

* ncm: refactor rights cache

* ncm: content meta database cleanup

* ncm: move content meta database impl out of interface file

* ncm: Use const ContentMetaKey &

* ncm: fix other non-const ContentMetaKey references

* ncm: content meta database cleanup

* ncm: content storage fixes for 2.0.0

* ncm: add missing end of file newlines

* ncm: implement ContentMetaReader

* ncm: client-side api

* ncm: trim trailing spaces

* ncm: FS_MAX_PATH-1 -> fs::EntryNameLengthMax

* ncm: Use PathString and Path

* fs: implement accessor wrappers for ncm

* fs: implement user fs wrappers

* fs: add MountSdCard

* ncm: move to content manager impl

* ncm: fix up main

* kvdb: use fs::

* fs: Add wrappers needed for ncm

* ncm: use fs bindings, other refactoring

* ncm: minor fixes

* fsa: fix ReadFile without size output

* fs: add substorage, rom path tool

* ncm: fix dangling fsdev usage

* fs: fix bug in Commit

* fs: fixed incorrect mode check

* fs: implement Mount(System)Data

* ncm: don't delete hos

* results: add R_SUCCEED_IF

* ams-except-ncm: use R_SUCCEED_IF

* ncm: added comments

* ncm: fix api definitions

* ncm: use R_SUCCEED_IF

* pm: think of the savings

* ncm: employ kernel strats

* ncm: Nintendo has 5 MiB of heap. Give ourselves 4 to be safe, pending analysis

* ncm: refactor IDs, split types header into many headers

* ams.mitm: use fs bindings instead of stdio

* fs: SystemData uses SystemDataId

* ncm: improve meta-db accuracy

* ncm: inline getlatestkey

* fs: improve UnsupportedOperation results

* fs: modernize mount utils

* ams: misc fixes for merge-errors

* fs: improve unsupportedoperation results

* git subrepo pull emummc

subrepo:
  subdir:   "emummc"
  merged:   "d12dd546"
upstream:
  origin:   "https://github.com/m4xw/emuMMC"
  branch:   "develop"
  commit:   "d12dd546"
git-subrepo:
  version:  "0.4.1"
  origin:   "???"
  commit:   "???"

* util: add boundedmap

* ncm: minor style fixes

* ncm: don't unmount if mounting fails

* lr: bug fixes

* ncm: implement ncm.for-initialize + ncm.for-safemode

* lr: ncm::ProgramId::Invalid -> ncm::InvalidProgramId

* ncm: fix open directory mode on 1.0.0

* ncm: fix fs use, implement more of < 4.0.0 for-initialize/safemode

* ncm: implement packagedcontent -> content for building metadb

* ncm: fix save data flag management

* ncm: address some review suggestions (thanks @leoetlino!)

* updater: use fs bindings

* fs: implement MountCode

* fs: prefer make_unique to operator new

* ncm: implement remaining ContentMetaDatabaseBuilder functionality

Co-authored-by: Michael Scire <SciresM@gmail.com>

stratosphere: misc static -> global

ams: revamp assertion system

find -exec sed -i'' -e 's/2018-2019 Atmo/2018-2020 Atmo/g' {} +

svc: populate namespace

loader: use BitPack for caps

loader: fix ECS after new-ipc rewrite ...

The call to serviceCreate(...) tries to query pointer buffer size, but
since we haven't had a chance to return the server side of the session
yet, this deadlocks. Instead, we defer creating the session and
mounting the filesystem until the first time the ECS object is
used. If mounting the filesystem fails, the ECS is silently discarded.

loader: update anti-downgrade tables for 9.1.0

random: use TinyMT instead of XorShift

ams_mitm: Implement emummc Nintendo folder redirection

mitm/cfg: pass around override status for decision-making

strat: update for latest libnx.

strat: TitleId -> ProgramId, titles->contents

strat: split out common functionality for future meso use

namespace sts -> namespace ams ...

namespace sts::ams -> ams::exosphere, ams::.

This is to facilitate future use of ams:: namespace code in
mesosphere, as we'll want to include ams::util, ams::result, ams::svc...

Results: Implement namespaced, type-safe results. ...

Because I was working on multiple things at once, this commit also:
- Adds wrappers for/linker flags to wrap CXX exceptions to make them
  abort. This saves ~0x8000 of memory in every system module.
- Broadly replaces lines of the pattern if (cond) { return ResultX; }
  with R_UNLESS(!cond, ResultX());.
- Reworks the R_TRY_CATCH macros (and the result macros in general).

libstrat: namespace remaining non-namespaced code. more new-ipc updates